Proof of Work
The mechanism that requires miners to spend real computation to add a block, making the chain expensive to attack.
Proof of work is the rule that you cannot add a block without demonstrating you performed a large amount of computation. Miners repeatedly hash block data with different nonces until one result meets the difficulty target, and that successful hash is the proof. The work is hard to produce but trivial for anyone to verify, which lets the whole network agree on a single history without trusting any central party. Malairte uses a memory-hard proof of work so that ordinary CPUs and GPUs stay competitive and specialised ASIC hardware gains little advantage, keeping mining accessible to people with regular computers.